核聚变进展

核技术论坛 2025-07-27 北京阅读原文

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https://neutronbytes.com/

·China Takes the Lead in Fusion Energy

·中国在聚变能源领域领先

·Avalanche Energy Announces Fusion Test Facility

·暴雪能源宣布建设聚变测试设施

·Pacific Fusion to Build $1 Billion Fusion Test Facility in Albuquerque

·太平洋聚变公司将在阿尔伯克基建设价值10亿美元的聚变测试设施

·European Commission Approves C202 Million for Fusion Research Facility in Spain

·欧盟委员会批准向西班牙聚变研究设施拨款2.02亿欧元

·Fusion Industry Calls on EU For Action On ’Three Key Challenges’

·聚变产业呼吁欧盟就“三大关键挑战”采取行动

·Japan’s Helical Fusion Raises
Funding For Fusion Reactor Development

·日本螺旋形聚变项目为聚变反应堆开发筹集
资金

·S&P Global Lists Top US Fusion Firms

·标普全球列出美国顶尖聚变企业

China Takes the Lead in Fusion Energy

中国在聚变能源领域领先

According to two expert assessments of China’s progress with fusion energy, China is making progress towards deploying fusion energy as a commercial offering at a significantly faster rate than the US or any other western nation.

根据两项对中国聚变能源进展的专家评估，中国正以比美国或其他西方国家快得多的速度推进聚变能源商业化。

In an April 2025 article in IEEE Spectrum, the assessment is that China is on the verge of surpassing the US in the quest for commercial nuclear fusion.

在2025年4月发表于《IEEE Spectrum》的一篇文章中指出，中国即将在商业核聚变探索中超越美国。

In a July 2025 article in MIT Technology Review a team of four experts in fusion science report that the nation is first in time to market with commercial fusion will achieve this outcome due to success in developing the complex supply chains and the ability to build fusion plants at a scale large enough to drive down economic costs.

在2025年7月发表于《麻省理工科技评论》(MIT Technology Review)的一篇文章中，四位聚变科学专家团队报告称，中国将是首个实现聚变商业化的企业，这得益于其在复杂供应链开发上的成功以及能够大规模建造聚变电站，从而大幅降低经济成本。

IEEE Spectrum

China is building multiple fusion energy projects, and some of them are larger and more capable than their counterparts in the US. The key fusion machine designs being exploited for development in China are the Tokamak and laser based fusion. The article notes that the speed at which China is building these fusion facilities and the amount of state enterprise funding being committed to them put the US at a distinct disadvantage.

中国正在建设多个聚变能源项目，其中一些项目的规模和能力超过了美国同类项目。中国用于开发的关键聚变装置设计包括托卡马克(Tokamak)和激光驱动聚变。文章指出，中国建设这些聚变设施的速度以及投入的国有企业资金规模，使美国处于明显劣势。

A second key area is competition for talent. Key fusion scientists, discouraged by the US lack of government support, are voting with their feet to other nations, including China, where their knowledge, skills, and abilities will be appreciated and compensated based on the competitive advantage they can deliver. In terms of sheer funding, the IEEE article, citing US Department of Energy figures, reports that China is pouring as much as
billion a year into fusion development projects. By comparison, federal government support in the US is a reported to be $800 million/year.

第二个关键领域是人才竞争。由于美国政府支持不足，许多关键聚变科学家选择离开美国前往其他国家，包括中国，在那里他们的知识、技能和能力将得到认可并获得与他们带来的竞争优势相匹配的报酬。从资金规模来看，《IEEE》文章援引美国能源部数据称，中国每年投入聚变研发项目的资金高达 30亿美元，相比之下，美国联邦政府的支持仅为每年8亿美元。

The bottom line, says the IEEE article, is that "whichever nation first harnesses practical fusion energy won’t just light up cities. It may also reshape the balance of global power."

《IEEE》文章总结道：“哪个国家率先掌握实用聚变能源，不仅会点亮城市，还可能重塑全球力量格局。”

MIT Technology Review

MIT技术评论

Taking a theme from the IEEE Spectrum report, this article states that "fusion energy holds the potential to shift a geopolitical landscape that is currently configured around fossil fuels."

这篇文章延续了IEEE Spectrum报告的主题，指出：“聚变能有可能改变当前以化石燃料为基础的地缘政治格局。”

China’s industrial base is what gives it a leg up in the race to achieve commercial fusion. Mastery of complex supply chains in terms of technology and materials is a key area where the US lags behind China.

中国的工业基础使其在实现商业聚变的竞赛中占据优势。在技术和材料方面的复杂供应链掌握程度上，美国落后于中国。

The biggest bet China is making on fusion technology is the tokamak design which uses a magnetic field to confine ionized gas - plasma - to fuse hydrogen nuclei. The process, when successful, releases extraordinary amounts of heat.

中国对聚变技术的最大投入是托卡马克(tokamak)设计，该设计利用磁场约束电离气体——等离子体——使氢核融合。这一过程一旦成功，将释放出巨大的热量。

The MIT Technology article emphasizes as key themes that China is investing in several critical systems including plasma confinement and heating, fuel production and processing, blankets and heat flux management, and power conversion which is getting the heat out of the fusion reactor and into a power generation turbine and generator.

MIT技术文章强调的关键主题是，中国正在投资多个关键系统，包括等离子体约束与加热、燃料生产与处理、包层(blankets)和热流管理，以及能量转换，即将聚变反应堆中的热量转化为发电涡轮机和发电机的动力。

Several areas of industrial supply chain mastery stand out for China. They include thin film processing, large metal alloy structures, and power electronics. On the plus side for the US, the MIT Technology article assesses that there are three areas where the US can excel in terms of supply chains. They are cryo-plants for the magnets that confine plasma, fuel processing, and the blankets that line the walls of a tokamak fusion machine.

中国在以下几个工业供应链领域表现突出：薄膜加工、大型金属合金结构和电力电子。对美国有利的是，MIT技术文章评估认为，在以下三个供应链领域，美国可以取得优势：用于约束等离子体的磁体低温工厂(cryo-plants)、燃料处理，以及托卡马克聚变装置内壁的包层(blankets)。

China has also invested in fusion supply chain consortiums. By working across multiple industries, China can transfer innovations faster to fusion than the US.

中国还投资于聚变供应链联盟。通过跨多个行业的协作，中国能够比美国更快地将创新成果应用于聚变技术。

One way the US can speed up its development of commercial fusion is to change government capital gains policies for firms that work on thin film and metal alloy production.

美国加快商业聚变发展的一种方式是调整政府资本利得政策，以支持从事薄膜和金属合金生产的企业。

In summary the MIT article says that the US has less than a decade to achieve leadership in fusion or be left behind by China with stark and perhaps unrecoverable consequences.

总之，MIT文章指出，美国不到十年的时间内若无法实现聚变领域的领导地位，就可能被中国远远甩开，并面临严重甚至不可挽回的后果。

China Tokamak Runs for 1,000 Seconds

中国托卡马克运行1000秒

In January 2025 the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) said its experimental tokamak nuclear reactor successfully ran for more than 1,000 seconds (17 minutes).

2025年1月，中国科学院(CAS)表示其实验性托卡马克核反应堆成功运行超过1000秒(17分钟)。

China’s reactor, officially known as the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (East), exceeded its previous record operating time of 403 seconds.

中国的反应堆正式名称为“实验先进超导托卡马克”(East)，超过了此前403秒的运行记录。

However, there are several hurdles in the way of creating a viable fusion reactor, including reaching temperatures exceeding 100 million degrees Celsius, maintaining stable long-term operation, and ensuring precise control of the nuclear fusion process.

然而，要制造出可行的聚变反应堆仍面临多项挑战，包括达到超过一亿摄氏度的温度、维持长期稳定运行，以及确保核聚变过程的精确控制。

& & &

Avalanche Energy Announces New FusionWERX Test Facility to Accelerate Commercial Fusion Development

Avalanche Energy宣布新建FusionWERX测试设施以加速商业聚变发展

Avalanche Energy, a fusion energy startup developing modular compact fusion machines, announced the launch of FusionWERX, its new fusion test facility located in Richland, WA. FusionWERX is intended to serve as a first-of-its-kind commercial-scale testing facility for advanced fusion technologies, offering access to private companies, universities, national laboratories, and public-private consortia working to accelerate the path to commercial fusion power.

Avalanche Energy是一家开发模块化紧凑型聚变装置的初创公司，宣布启动位于华盛顿州里奇兰的新聚变测试设施FusionWERX。FusionWERX旨在成为首个面向先进聚变技术的商业化规模测试平台，向私营企业、大学、国家实验室及公私合作联盟开放，助力加速商业聚变能源的发展进程。

FusionWERX will operate under a broad-scope radioactive materials license and will have tritium handling capacities available in the private sector when fully licensed and operational. This unique licensing framework positions FusionWERX as a critical enabler for fusion research and development, supply chain advancement, and workforce training within a flexible intellectual property environment.

FusionWERX将在一个广泛的放射性材料许可证下运营，并在完全授权并投入运行后，提供私营部门独有的氚处理能力。这种独特的许可框架使FusionWERX成为推动聚变研究与开发、供应链进步和人才培训的关键平台，同时在一个灵活的知识产权环境中运作。

The FusionWERX facility will incorporate several key systems designed to support a wide range of fusion concepts and applications：

融合WERX设施将整合多个关键系统，旨在支持广泛的聚变概念和应用：

·High flux fusion neutron sources based on Avalanche’s proprietary Orbitron platform, providing tunable neutron energy environments from high energy 14.1 megaelectron volts (MeV) to thermal neutrons for materials testing and fusion system validation.

·基于Avalanche公司专有的Orbitron平台的高通量聚变中子源，提供从高能14.1兆电子伏特(MeV)到热中子的可调中子能量环境，用于材料测试和聚变系统验证。

·Blanket and shielding test beds that will enable the demonstration of purpose-fit technologies applicable to multiple plasma and fusion device architectures.

·用于演示适用于多种等离子体和聚变装置架构的定制化技术的包层和屏蔽试验台。

·Hot cells designed for remote handling, processing, and analysis of activated materials.

·专为远程操作、处理和分析活化材料而设计的高温细胞(hot cells)。

Integrated tritium management systems capable of extracting, purifying, and recycling tritium for continuous experimental operation.

集成氚管理系统的功能是提取、纯化并回收氚，以实现连续实验运行。

Fusion Fuel Cycle

聚变燃料循环

With the launch of the FusionWERX facility, Avalanche also announced that it agreed to a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Fusion Fuel Cycles (FFC), one of the world’s leading providers of fusion fuel cycle technologies. The collaboration will include research, development, demonstration, and commercialization of technologies critical to the commercial fusion industry including neutron sources, tritium breeding blankets, deuterium-tritium (D-T) fuel cycle systems, and integrated test facilities for materials and tritium research. Avalanche plans to bring FusionWERX online in phases, with initial construction slated to begin in summer 2025. The company is actively engaging with partners interested in accessing the facility for upcoming fusion programs and collaborative development projects.

随着融合WERX设施的启动，Avalanche还宣布与全球领先的聚变燃料循环技术提供商之一——聚变燃料循环公司(Fusion Fuel Cycles, FFC)达成谅解备忘录(MoU)。合作内容将包括对商业聚变产业至关重要的技术的研究、开发、示范和商业化，涵盖中子源、氚增殖包层、氘-氚(D-T)燃料循环系统以及用于材料和氚研究的集成测试设施。Avalanche计划分阶段使融合WERX投入运营，初期建设预计将于2025年夏季开始。该公司正在积极与有兴趣利用该设施开展未来聚变项目和协作开发项目的合作伙伴进行接触。

Along with managing the FusionWERX operations, Avalanche intends to incubate a number of neutron-enabled businesses focused on imaging/sensing, radiation effects testing, and fusion materials development. The site will also be the location where Avalanche will operate its Q>1 deuterium-tritium test program with the goal of developing the world’s first net-energy compact fusion reactor system.

除了运营管理融合WERX外，Avalanche还打算孵化一系列基于中子技术的企业，专注于成像/传感、辐射效应测试及聚变材料研发。该地点也将成为Avalanche实施其Q>1氘-氚测试计划的地方，目标是开发世界上首个净能量紧凑型聚变反应堆系统。

& & &

Pacific Fusion to Build $1 Billion Fusion Test Facility in Albuquerque

太平洋聚变将在阿尔伯克基建造价值10亿美元的聚变测试设施

The firm plans to build a 225,000 square plant that will employ 200 people

该公司计划建造一座占地22.5万平方英尺的工厂，雇佣200名员工

The Albuquerque Journal newspaper reports that the New Mexico Economic Development Department and Pacific Fusion officials signed a memorandum of understanding for the site. Officials had been working on the project behind the scenes for the past few months under the pseudonym Project Solis. If the New Mexico site doesn’t pan out, Pacific Fusion says it may consider a site near Lawrence Livermore lab in California.

《阿尔伯克基日报》报道称，新墨西哥州经济发展部与太平洋聚变公司官员已签署谅解备忘录，确定了选址。官员们在过去几个月里一直秘密推进该项目，代号为“Project Solis”。如果新墨西哥州的选址无法落实，太平洋聚变表示可能会考虑位于加州劳伦斯利弗莫尔实验室附近的地点。

Venture capital firms General Catalyst and Breakthrough Energy Ventures were among the sources of more than $900 million in Series A funding into Pacific Fusion last year. Pacific Fusion Co-Founder and Chief Operating Officer Carrie Von Muench said she is confident the additional needed funds can be raised for the project.

风险投资公司General Catalyst和突破能源风投(Breakthrough Energy Ventures)是去年向太平洋聚变注入超过9亿美元A轮融资的来源之一。太平洋聚变联合创始人兼首席运营官卡丽·冯·缪恩奇表示，她有信心可以筹集到该项目所需的额外资金。

State officials are in the process of negotiating incentives to help the company such as the Local Economic Development Act and the Job Training Incentive Program.

州政府官员正在协商激励措施，帮助公司发展，例如《地方经济发展法案》和《职业培训激励计划》。

&& & &

European Commission Approves
Million for Fusion Research Facility in Spain ======================================================================================

欧盟委员会批准2.02亿欧元用于西班牙聚变研究设施

·IFMIF-DONES is designed to test and qualify materials for future fusion nuclear power plants

·IFMIF-DONES旨在测试和认证未来聚变核电厂所用材料

(NucNet) The European Commission has approved an investment of €202m ($234 million) for the construction and commissioning of the planned IFMIF-DONES particle accelerator in Escúzar, near Granada in southern Spain, representing approximately 25% of the total cost of the project.

(NucNet)欧盟委员会已批准投资2.02亿欧元(约合2.34亿美元)，用于在西班牙格拉纳达附近埃斯库扎(Escúzar)建造和调试计划中的IFMIF-DONES粒子加速器，约占该项目总成本的25%。

The IFMIF-DONES facility is part of European plans for developing fusion energy. Initial site preparation work for the facility began in October 2023.

IFMIF-DONES设施是欧洲发展聚变能源计划的一部分。该设施的初步场地准备工作已于2023年10月开始。

It is designed to test and qualify materials for future fusion power plants and will be a critical component in the development of fusion energy. IFMIF-DONES will use a high-intensity neutron source to simulate the conditions materials will experience in a fusion reactor, allowing scientists to study their behavior under those harsh conditions.

它旨在测试和认证未来聚变电站所用材料，将成为聚变能源开发中的关键组成部分。IFMIF-DONES将使用高强度中子源来模拟材料在聚变反应堆中会经历的条件，使科学家能够在这些严苛条件下研究材料的行为。

& & &

Fusion Industry Calls on EU For Action On ’Three Key Challenges’

聚变产业呼吁欧盟采取行动应对“三大挑战”

·Europe Risks Falling Behind. Bloc ’being outpaced’ on strategy, regulatory clarity and targeted investment

·欧洲可能落后。联盟在战略、监管清晰度和定向投资方面正被其他国家超越

(NucNet) The Fusion Industry Association (FIA) has called on the European Commission to address three key challenges in a bid to accelerate commercial fusion deployment in Europe.

(NucNet) 聚变产业协会(FIA)呼吁欧盟委员会解决三大关键挑战，以加速欧洲商业聚变部署。

The Washington, DC, based FIA said in evidence submitted for the EU’s fusion strategy that fusion is a breakthrough technology that could be transferred to commercial use within 10 years. It has applications beyond energy production, including in high-performance computing, cryogenics, vacuum engineering and power electronics.

总部位于华盛顿特区的FIA在提交给欧盟聚变战略的证据中表示，聚变是一项突破性技术，有望在十年内实现商业化应用。其应用不仅限于能源生产，还包括高性能计算、低温学、真空工程和电力电子等领域。

Planned for publication by the end of 2025, the strategy is intended to be a key step to position the EU at the forefront of fusion development and accelerate commercial fusion energy in the EU.

该战略计划于2025年底前发布，旨在成为将欧盟置于聚变开发前沿的关键步骤，并加速欧盟商业化聚变能源的发展。

The FIA warned that the EU is in danger of falling behind in the race for commercialization as other countries outpace it in terms of national strategies, regulatory clarity and targeted investment.

FIA警告称，欧盟面临在商业化竞赛中落后的风险，因为其他国家在国家策略、监管清晰度和定向投资方面已领先于欧盟。

Europe needs to address three key areas. It needs a coherent regulatory framework across member states, targeted funding mechanisms, and increased involvement of private companies in planning.

欧洲需要解决三个关键领域：各成员国之间需建立统一的监管框架，设立有针对性的资金机制，并增加私营企业在规划中的参与度。

On regulation, the FIA called for a dedicated regulatory framework for fusion, separate from nuclear fission, to address fusion’s unique safety profile, commercialization aspects and socio-economic benefits.

关于监管，FIA呼吁为聚变建立独立于核裂变的专门监管框架，以应对聚变独特的安全特性、商业化需求以及社会经济效益。

The FIA recommends targeted funding mechanisms and instruments specifically designed for commercial fusion development, including mechanisms to de-risk projects and attract private investment. It advocated using the European Investment Bank (EIB) for loan guarantees to help fusion companies scale up for commercialization. The FIA highlighted the need for a more integrated and liquid venture capital market within the EU, which would lower barriers for investment in high-risk, long-term fusion projects.

FIA建议设立专门针对商业化聚变发展的资金机制和工具，包括降低项目风险并吸引私人投资的机制。它主张利用欧洲投资银行(EIB)提供贷款担保，帮助聚变企业实现商业化扩展。FIA还强调，欧盟需要建立一个更加一体化且流动性更强的风险投资市场，从而降低对高风险、长期聚变项目的投资门槛。

On planning, the FIA called for greater involvement of private fusion companies in "EU-level strategic planning and coordination activities".

在规划方面，FIA呼吁让私营聚变企业更深入地参与“欧盟层面的战略规划与协调活动”。

Strategy Will ’Maintain EU Leadership’, Says Commission

委员会称该战略将“保持欧盟领先地位”

It said the EU should adopt a technology-neutral approach to fusion research and development, supporting commercially relevant science and technology applicable across multiple technologies.

委员会表示，欧盟应采用技术中立的方法开展聚变研发，支持适用于多种技术的具有商业价值的科学技术。

The FIA also recommended aligning public fusion research with the needs of commercialization, giving priority to R & D that can accelerate commercialization.

FIA还建议将公共聚变研究与商业化需求相一致，优先推动能加速商业化的研发工作。

It proposed that the EU should not focus solely on C20bn ($23.4 billion ) International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). Instead, it should create "an innovation environment that allows for multiple pathways to

它提议欧盟不应只专注于耗资200亿欧元(约合234亿美元)的国际热核聚变实验反应堆(ITER)。相反，应创造“允许多种路径通往”的创新环境

&& & &

Japan’s Helical Fusion Raises $15M Funding For Fusion Reactor Development

日本螺旋融合技术获得1.5亿美元融资用于聚变反应堆研发

Japan-based fusion energy developer Helical Fusion has closed the latest investment in its Series A funding round, securing an additional $15 million. This brings total capital-including grants and loans to $35 million, accelerating the "Helix Program", a roadmap toward a steady-state net power fusion plant in the 2030s.

总部位于日本的聚变能源开发商Helical Fusion已完成A轮融资最新一轮投资，筹集额外1.5亿美元。这使得总资金(包括补助和贷款)达到3.5亿美元，加速推进“Helix计划”，该计划旨在2030年代实现稳态净功率聚变电站。

This investment supports the company’s Helix program, which aims to establish a steady-state net power fusion plant by the 2030s.

这笔投资支持该公司名为Helix的项目，目标是在2030年代建立一个稳态净功率聚变电站。

The investors supporting Helical Fusion’s Series A funding round include SBI Investment, Keio Innovation Initiative (KII), 19 other institutions and public financial institutions.

支持Helical Fusion A轮融资的投资者包括SBI投资公司、庆应创新倡议(KII)以及另外19家机构和公共金融机构。

Helical Fusion’s fusion reactor is based on the stellarator design, an approach to nuclear fusion that enables a stable and continuous plasma operation.

Helical Fusion的聚变反应堆基于托卡马克(stellarator)设计，这是一种核聚变方法，可实现稳定且连续的等离子体运行。

Helical Fusion’s Helix program comprises two projects： Helix KANATA, a pilot plant engineered to achieve continuous, net-positive electricity generation from fusion power, and Helix HARUKA, dedicated to validating components and systems.

Helical Fusion的Helix项目包含两个部分：Helix KANATA是一个原型电站，旨在实现持续的、净正电能输出；Helix HARUKA则专注于验证组件和系统。

&& & &

S&P Global Lists Top US Fusion Firms

标普全球列出美国顶尖聚变企业

According to S&P Global, as of July 2025 the top three companies by investment in the fusion space are Commonwealth Fusion Systems (CFS), TAE Technologies and Helion.

根据标普全球数据，截至2025年7月，按投资额排名前三的聚变企业分别为：Commonwealth Fusion Systems(CFS)、TAE Technologies 和 Helion。

Despite having cumulatively raised billions in investments, these firms will need billions more to build and test their first prototypes to convince investors and potential customers that the commercial version will work as advertised. In summary, funding for fusion startups exceeds $7.1 billion across 50 startups.

尽管这些公司已累计筹集数十亿美元资金，但仍需再投入数百亿美元来建造并测试其首个原型机，以说服投资者和潜在客户相信商业版本能够按宣传实现功能。简而言之，聚变初创企业融资总额已超过71亿美元，覆盖50家初创公司。

Commonwealth Fusion Systems

共同体聚变系统

Commonwealth Fusion Systems has raised over $2 billion in funding, the most of any fusion company in the US. Investors include Google, Temasek Holdings (Pvt.) Ltd., Eni, and Bill Gates. CFS emerged from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Plasma Science and Fusion Center and continues collaborating with MIT, providing privileged access to top research institutions and national laboratories. CFS’ approach is deuterium-tritium fusion using a compact tokamak reactor known as SPARC. The company aims to begin operations at the SPARC reactor in 2026. The ultimate goal of this reactor is to show proof of breakeven, which the company hopes to achieve in 2027.

共同体聚变系统(Commonwealth Fusion Systems，简称CFS)已筹集超过20亿美元资金，是美国融资最多的聚变公司。投资者包括谷歌(Google)、淡马锡控股(Temasek Holdings (Pvt.) Ltd.)、埃尼集团(Eni)以及比尔·盖茨(Bill Gates)。CFS源自麻省理工学院等离子体科学与聚变中心，并继续与MIT合作，享有顶级研究机构和国家实验室的优先访问权限。CFS采用的是氘-氚聚变方式，使用紧凑型托卡马克反应堆SPARC。该公司计划于2026年开始运营SPARC反应堆，最终目标是实现能量盈亏平衡，预计在2027年达成。

In 2024, CFS announced plans for the first grid-scale fusion plant in Chesterfield County, Va. The facility will be based on the SPARC design and is expected to produce
of output. The company plans for the plant to be operational in the early 2030s.

2024年，CFS宣布将在弗吉尼亚州切斯特菲尔德县建设首个电网规模的聚变电站。该设施将基于SPARC设计，预计输出功率为
。公司计划使该电站于2030年代初投入运营。

TAE Technologies

TAE Technologies, Inc., formerly Tri Alpha Energy, is a US company established in 1998 and based in Foothill Ranch, CA, TAE uses the aneutronic hydrogen-boron fusing elements. TAE uses a proprietary approach called advanced beam-driven FRC (field-reversed configuration).

TAE Technologies公司(前身为Tri Alpha Energy)是一家成立于1998年的美国公司，总部位于加州富丘牧场(Foothill Ranch)，其采用无中子氢-硼聚变元素。TAE使用一种专有方法，称为先进束驱动FRC(场反演构型)。

One major achievement for TAE involves the C-2W/Norman reactor, which has shown proof of concept for stable plasma at 70 million degrees Celsius.

TAE的一项重大成就涉及C-2W/Norman反应堆，该反应堆已证明在7000万摄氏度下稳定等离子体的可行性。

The company’s next goal is the completion of the Copernicus reactor. Similarly to CFS’s SPARC reactor, the goal of the Copernicus reactor is to achieve breakeven or positive energy generation.

该公司下一个目标是完成Copernicus反应堆的建设。与CFS的SPARC反应堆类似，Copernicus反应堆的目标也是实现能量盈亏平衡或正向能量输出。

TAE has secured over
billion in funding from companies such as Google, Venrock and Chevron Corp. TAE has also built partnerships with Google to use AI in process optimization and with universities such as UC Irvine and Princeton to collaborate on advancing fusion technologies.

TAE已从谷歌(Google)、Venrock和雪佛龙公司(Chevron Corp.)等企业获得超过
亿美元的资金支持。TAE还与谷歌建立了合作关系，利用人工智能(AI)优化工艺流程，并与加州大学欧文分校(UC Irvine)和普林斯顿大学(Princeton)等高校合作推进核聚变技术的发展。

Helion

Helion has raised over
billion in funding and has inked an ambitious power purchase agreement with Microsoft for 50 MW of fusion energy by 2028. Helion was founded in 2013 and is headquartered in Everett, Wash.

Helion已筹集超过
亿美元资金，并与微软(Microsoft)签署了一项雄心勃勃的购电协议，计划在2028年前提供50兆瓦(MW)的核聚变能源。Helion成立于2013年，总部位于华盛顿州埃弗里特市(Everett, Wash.)。

Helion uses a deuterium-He3 fusion. Like TAE, Helion uses a form of field-reversed configuration to trap plasma. Its Trenta prototype successfully achieved plasma temperatures of 100 million degrees Celsius, and it is currently developing the Polaris reactor. Polaris aims to operate at temperatures beyond 100 million degrees and achieve breakeven.

Helion采用氘-氦-3(deuterium-He3)核聚变技术。与TAE类似，Helion也使用一种场反向配置(field-reversed configuration)来约束等离子体。其Trenta原型机成功实现了1亿摄氏度的等离子体温度，目前正开发Polaris反应堆。Polaris旨在运行于超过1亿摄氏度的温度并实现能量增益(breakeven)。

Other Fusion Firms that Raised at Least $100 Million

其他融资至少1亿美元的核聚变公司

General Fusion, with nearly $400 million in funding, was founded in 2002 and is based in Richmond, Canada. General Fusion uses a deuterium-tritium fusion with a spherical tokamak approach and hopes to achieve breakeven in 2026 with its LM26 fusion demonstration machine.

General Fusion公司获得近4亿美元融资，成立于2002年，总部位于加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省里士满市(Richmond, Canada)。该公司采用氘-氚(deuterium-tritium)核聚变技术，使用球形托卡马克(spherical tokamak)设计，希望在其LM26聚变演示装置上于2026年实现能量增益(breakeven)。

Last May General Fusion, citing shortfalls in cash, reportedly laid off 25% of its 140 employees or about 35 staff. General Fusion CEO Greg Twinney said. "We are ready to execute our plan but are caught in an economic and geopolitical environment that is forcing us to wait." The company is reported to be seeking $125 million in new funding to continue its product development work.

去年五月，General Fusion因现金流不足，据报道裁掉了其140名员工中的25%(约35人)。该公司首席执行官格雷格·特温尼(Greg Twinney)表示：“我们已经准备好执行计划，但当前经济和地缘政治环境迫使我们不得不等待。”据悉，该公司正在寻求额外的1.25亿美元融资以继续产品开发工作。

Zap Energy, which spun off of the Fusion Z-pinch Experiment (FuZE) at the University of Washington, has attracted over $300 million in investments and uses a Z-pinch design that generates a magnetic field via an electric current in the plasma rather than using external magnetic caging.

Zap Energy由华盛顿大学的聚变Z-pinch实验(FuZE)项目衍生而来，已吸引超3亿美元投资，采用Z-pinch设计，通过等离子体内部电流生成磁场，而非依赖外部磁约束装置。

Tokamak Energy Ltd., an offshoot of Culham Centre for Fusion Energy in UK, Oxfordshire, has accumulated $300 million in investments and uses a spherical tokamak design.

英国托卡马克能源有限公司(Tokamak Energy Ltd.)源自英国牛津郡库尔汉聚变能源中心(Culham Centre for Fusion Energy)，累计获得3亿美元投资，采用球形托卡马克设计。

The European company Marvel Energy recently passed the $100 million mark with its sodium-potassium-cooled microreactor.

欧洲公司Marvel Energy最近突破1亿美元融资门槛，其钠钾冷却微反应堆(sodium-potassium-cooled microreactor)备受关注。

Denver’s Xcimer Energy Inc., founded in 2022, which has received just over $100 million in funding and is harnessing the same laser-driven-inertial fusion that powered Lawrence Livermore Lab’s work.

丹佛的Xcimer Energy公司成立于2022年，已获得略超1亿美元融资，采用与劳伦斯利弗莫尔国家实验室(Lawrence Livermore Lab)相同的技术——激光驱动惯性核聚变(laser-driven-inertial fusion)。

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